Gender and School-Origin Differences in Elementary Students’ Mastery of the Greatest Common Factor

Nurhikmah; Ibnu Imam Al Ayyubi; Wildan Miftahussurur; Brilliant Windy Khairunnisa

doi:10.62448/genius.v2i1.546

Authors

Nurhikmah Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
Ibnu Imam Al Ayyubi Institut Darul Falah Bandung Barat
Wildan Miftahussurur Institut Agama KH Yazid Karimullah, Jember
Brilliant Windy Khairunnisa Khazar University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62448/genius.v2i1.546

Keywords:

Greatest Common Factor, Mathematics Achievement, Elementary School Students, School Type, Gender Differences

Abstract

Mastery of the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) is a fundamental component of number learning in elementary mathematics, as it supports students’ understanding of arithmetic operations and later mathematical reasoning. However, differences in students’ mathematical achievement may be associated with individual and institutional factors, including gender and school type. This study aims to examine the effects of school type and gender on elementary school students’ mastery of the Greatest Common Factor and to determine whether an interaction exists between these variables. The study employed a quantitative approach using an ex post facto comparative factorial design. The sample consisted of 28 sixth-grade students from three Islamic elementary schools in West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Two-Way ANOVA after meeting the assumptions of normality and homogeneity. The results indicate that school type significantly affects students’ GCF mastery. Gender also shows significant differences in learning outcomes between male and female students. However, no significant interaction effect was found between school type and gender. These findings suggest that variations in GCF mastery are influenced more by institutional context and gender differences independently rather than by their combined effect. This study contributes empirical evidence on how student characteristics and school context relate to numeracy achievement in elementary mathematics learning.

References

Agata, Della, Ema Butsi Prihastari, and Ifa Hanifa Rahman. “Analysis of Learning Styles of 5th Grade Students of Sambirejo Elementary School on Mathematics Absorption of KPK and GCF Material.” Journal of Elementary Education 12, no. 1 (2024): 34–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20961/jpd.v12i1.84466.

Agustina, Lu'lu Azmi, and Siti Masyithoh. “The Influence of School Environment on Student Learning Achievement in Elementary Schools: A Literature Review.” Journal of Education and Teacher Training 3, no. 3 (2025): 692–702. https://jutepe-joln.net/index.php/JURPERU/article/view/875.

Ahadi, Giatma Dwijuna, and Neni Nur Laili Ersela Zain. "Examination of Normality Tests With Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling And Shapiro-Wilk." Eigen Mathematics Journal , 2023, 11–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/emj.v6i1.131.

Ahmad Muktamar, Ruslaini, Sukma Erita, Rahmawati Shoufiah, Wakib Kurniawan, and Naufal Qadri Syarif. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Jln. Sungai Lareh No.26, Kel. Lubuk Minturun, Kec. Koto Tangah, Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat: AIKOMEDIA PRESS, 2024.

Amin, M, and II Jamilah. "Introducing KPK and FPB Material Using Pahima Media (Mathematics Counting Board) for Grade V Students in Elementary School." Journal of Insan Mulia Education , 2024. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59923/joinme.v2i2.182.

Andriani, Anita, Ibnu Imam Al Ayyubi, Eko Prayetno, and Anis Khan. “Mathematics Learning on the Greatest Common Factor and Least Common Multiple in Elementary Schools.” Journal of Primary Education Research 3, no. 1 (2025): 7–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57176/primer.v3i1.42.

Astutik, Ifa Dwi, and Henry Januar Saputra. “The Effect of Number Dakon Media on Student Learning Outcomes in FPB and KPK Material in Grade IV.” Elementary School: Journal of Elementary School Education and Learning 12, no. 2 (2025): 1043–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31316/esjurnal.v12i2.4588.

Ayuningtyas, Devi, and Rola Manjaleni. “Financial Performance Analysis of Stock Price Changes in Tobacco Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2020-2023.” ECo-Buss 8, no. 1 (2025): 564–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32877/eb.v8i1.2774.

Azmi, Burniati, Rhini Fatmasari, and Henny Jacobs. “Motivation, Discipline, School Environment: Keys to Learning Achievement.” Aulad: Journal on Early Childhood 7, no. 2 (2024): 323–33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/aulad.v7i2.654.

Borbon, Arlene, Gemma Baguio, and Regina Galigao. “Teacher's Quality Impact on Student Outcomes.” Pantao (International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences) 4, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS0403332.

Claudia, Chery Putri Claudia NR, Ribi Tri Aini Ribi, Ades Dwi Putri Ades, and Nabila Raisyah Zahra Nabila. “Analyzing ICT Literacy and Determining Factors among Elementary School Students in Palembang.” MISOOL: Journal of Elementary Education 7, no. 2 (2025): 91–104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47945/misool.v7i2.2343.

Devi, NPLS, IBP Arnyana, and IM Gunamantha. “Implementation of the Tri Hita Karana-Oriented Problem Based Learning (PBL) Learning Model on Environmental Care Attitudes and Science Learning Outcomes.” Indonesian Journal of Elementary Education 7, no. 2 (2023): 218–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jurnal_pendas.v7i2.2399.

Fointuna, Daniel Williams. “Gender Equality in Students’ Mathematical Literacy: Implications for Gender Equality in STEM Fields.” Fractal: Journal of Mathematics and Mathematics Education 6, no. 1 (2025): 32–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35508/fractal.v6i1.21158.

Futri, Danda Leica Ramdhani, and Kartika Nuradina. “The Relationship between Academic Self-Concept & Self-Efficacy and Self-Confidence in the Learning Process of 10th Grade Students of SMA X Bandung City.” Indonesian Research Journal on Education 5, no. 4 (2025): 668–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v5i4.3094.

Hanaris, Fitria. “The Role of Teachers in Improving Student Learning Motivation: Effective Strategies and Approaches.” Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61397/jkpp.v1i1.9.

Harefa, Darmawan. “The Relationship Between Students' Interest in Learning and Mathematics Learning Outcomes.” Afore: Journal of Mathematics Education 2, no. 2 (2023): 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57094/afore.v2i2.1054.

Hasnawiyah, Hasnawiyah, and Maslena Maslena. “The Impact of Using Interactive Learning Media on Students’ Science Learning Achievement.” Journal of Elementary Education Review: Journal of Educational Studies and Research Results 10, no. 2 (2024): 167–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/jrpd.v10n2.p167-172.

Ikhsan, Moh Hayatul. “Gender-Based Character Education.” INCARE, International Journal of Educational Resources 4, no. 4 (2023): 365–87. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59689/incare.v4i4.1061.

Isnaini, Muhammad, Muhammad Win Afgani, Al Haqqi, and Ilham Azhari. “Data Analysis Techniques for Normality Test.” J-CEKI: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah 4, no. 2 (2025): 1377–84. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56799/jceki.v4i2.7007.

Kim, Jonghae, Dong Hyuck Kim, and Sang Gyu Kwak. “Comprehensive Guidelines for Appropriate Statistical Analysis Methods in Research.” Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 77, no. 5 (October 2024): 503–17. https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.24016.

Komariyeh, Siti, and Andi Mariono. “Interactive Multimedia Based on Problem Based Learning as an Effort to Improve the Mathematics Learning Experience of Fifth Grade Students on the KPK–FPB Material.” Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan 14, no. 4 November (2025): 7115–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58230/27454312.3171.

Kusharyadi, Rahmat, and Dadang Juandi. “Analysis of Students' Mathematical Reasoning between Different Genders.” Union: Scientific Journal of Mathematics Education 11, no. 2 (July 2023): 339–47. https://doi.org/10.30738/union.v11i2.14939.

Lestari, Intan Ayu, Laela Fitria Ramadhani, and Nur Elda Azaria. “The Essence of Learning Mathematics in the Independent Curriculum Through the Deep Learning Approach.” Scientific Journal of Mathematics (JIMAT) 6, no. 2 (2025): 641–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.63976/jimat.v6i2.1076.

Loty, Babang. “Comparison of Mathematics Learning Achievement Between Male and Female Students in Grade V of GMIT Elementary School.” Paradigma: Journal of Philosophy, Science, Technology, and Socio-Culture 31, no. 2 (2025): 31–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33503/paradigma.v31i2.1681.

Mursida, Mursida. “The Influence of Teaching Quality, Learning Facilities, and Learning Resources on Student Learning Achievement.” Cendekia: Journal of Science 5, no. 2 (2025): 579–91. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v5i2.4727.

Nastiti, Estri, Tahta Tahta Damayanti, and Sila Amali Madina. “The Impact of Violation of Classical Assumptions on Econometric Model Estimation.” Jurnal Pijar 2, no. 1 (2023): 150–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.65096/pmb.v2i1.1177.

Nikmah, Fadilatun, Sekar Dwi Ardianti, and Ika Ari Pratiwi. “The Relationship Between Learning Intensity and Elementary School Students’ Mathematics Learning Outcomes.” Didactics: Scientific Journal of Elementary School Teacher Training and Education, STKIP Subang 9, no. 4 (2023): 2397–2407. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36989/didactics.v9i04.1831.

Nurikawai, Dian, Laela Sagita, and Setiyani Setiyani. “Analysis of Students' Difficulties in Understanding Mathematical Concepts in Solving Algebraic Form Problems Using the Newman Procedure.” Journal of Honai Math 4, no. 1 (2021): 49–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30862/jhm.v4i1.157.

Oktapiana, Eka, Karlimah Karlimah, and Ika Fitri Apriani. “Understanding of the Concept of Arithmetic Operations of Addition and Subtraction of Whole Numbers in Grade III Elementary School Students.” DIDAKTIKA: Journal of Educational Thought 31, no. 2 (2025): 207–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30587/didaktika.v31i2.10063.

Pedersen, Blaine, Matthew C Makel, Karen E Rambo-Hernandez, Scott J Peters, and Jonathan Plucker. “Most Mathematics Classrooms Contain Wide-Ranging Achievement Levels.” Gifted Child Quarterly 67, no. 3 (July 2023): 220–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/00169862231166074.

Putra, AR, and N Hidayah. “Analysis of the Interaction of Gender and School Background on Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes Using Two-Way ANOVA.” Journal of Mathematics Education Research 10, no. 1 (2023): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.21831/jrpm.v10i1.49872.

Rahayuningsih, Suesthi. “Cognitive Process of Mathematics Learning from a Gender Perspective.” MAJAMATH: Journal of Mathematics and Mathematics Education 7, no. 2 (2024): 140–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36815/majamath.v7i2.3604.

Rahmalia, Siti Maulida, and Yusuf Safari. “The Importance of Basic Mathematical Concepts in Elementary School.” Karimah Tauhid 3, no. 9 (2024): 9847–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v3i9.14671.

Rahmawati, D, H Susanto, and E Lestari. “The Effect of School Type and Gender on Elementary School Students’ Mathematical Concept Understanding Ability.” Journal of Mathematics Education 18, no. 2 (2024): 145–56. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpm.v18i2.61234.

Rasmuin, Rasmuin, Heri Retnawati, Kartianom Kartianom, and Gulzhaina K Kassymova. “Factors Contributing to Fourth Graders' Mathematics Achievement: A Multilevel Study.” International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 13, no. 4 (August 2024): 2218. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i4.27223.

Ritonga, Maisaroh, Nurpani Nurpani, and Nursalimah Nursalimah. “The Influence of Extracurricular Activity Management on Student Learning Achievement.” JIIP-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 8, no. 5 (2025): 4699–4706. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v8i5.7829.

Sari, DP, S Supiat, and N Nurhasanah. “Analysis of Differences in Students' Mathematical Ability Based on Gender and School Type Using Two-Way ANOVA.” Journal of Mathematics and Science Education 13, no. 1 (2025): 149–56. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpms.v13i1.84706.

Setiawan, Adi, Dimas Anditha Cahyo Sujiwo, and Indah Rahayu Panglipur. “Analysis of Students’ Learning Independence in Mathematics Learning from a Gender Perspective.” Prismatika: Journal of Mathematics Education and Research 7, no. 1 (2024): 178–91. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33503/prismatika.v7i1.204.

Siregar, Tua, Muammar Sahala, Nofran Purba, Elma Christin Sinaga, and Sio Oktaviana Siahaan. “Analysis of Learning Difficulties of Students of SD Negeri 167102 Rambutan in Mathematics Subject.” Jurnal Guru Kita 8, no. 2 (2024): 223–36. https://doi.org/10.24114/jgk.v8i2.53823.

Trisnawati, Dwi, Sumarno Sumarno, and Joko Sulianto. “The Effectiveness of Using Dakota Learning Media for FPB and KPK Material for Grade IV SDN 12 Kendari.” Primatika: Journal of Mathematics Education 14, no. 1 (2025): 63–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30872/primatika.v14i1.4733.

Wiono, Vishnu Juli, and Nadya Meriza. “Efforts to Improve Critical Thinking Skills with Scientific and Gender-Based Liveworksheets.” Phenomenon: Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education 13, no. 1 (2023): 31–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21580/phen.2023.13.1.13249.

Wulandari, Triana, Farid Gunadi, and Runisah Runisah. “Students' Mathematical Reasoning Ability in the Use of RME Based on Gender and Student Motivation.” MATHEMA: JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION 7, no. 1 (January 2025): 68. https://doi.org/10.33365/jm.v7i1.4487.

Yandi, Andri, Anya Nathania Kani Putri, and Yumna Syaza Kani Putri. “Factors Influencing Student Learning Outcomes (Literature Review).” Indonesian Cyber Education Journal 1, no. 1 (2023): 13–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38035/jpsn.v1i1.14.

Zhang, Jing, and Yinan Guo. “Examining the Impact of Blended Learning on Test Scores: A Statistical Analysis Using an ANOVA Model.” Edited by N Mohamad Nasri, S Amat, and Y Chen. SHS Web of Conferences 190 (April 2024): 1019. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419001019.