Mathematics, Morality, and Markets: Reinterpreting Economic Decision-Making through Islamic Perspectives

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between mathematics, morality, and market behavior in economic decision-making from an Islamic perspective. Using a qualitative library research approach, this study draws on a wide range of primary and secondary sources in Islamic economics, moral philosophy, and mathematical economics to explore how these dimensions interact within economic practices. The objective is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of decision-making beyond purely rational or quantitative frameworks. The findings reveal that economic decision-making in Islam is not solely based on mathematical or rational considerations, but is deeply grounded in ethical and moral values derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah. While mathematics plays a crucial role in ensuring precision, efficiency, and fairness in economic transactions such as profit calculation, zakat distribution, and financial contracts it must be guided by core moral principles, including justice (adl), honesty (sidq), and social welfare (maslahah). Furthermore, the integration of mathematical reasoning with moral values creates a more holistic and balanced framework for economic decision-making. This approach not only enhances analytical accuracy but also ensures ethical accountability in market behavior. Therefore, this study argues that mathematics and morality are complementary rather than contradictory elements in Islamic economic thought, contributing to a more just, sustainable, and ethically grounded market system.